Small dog breeds have gained immense popularity for a multitude of reasons. Whether you’re living in a cozy apartment or simply prefer a more manageable canine companion, small dogs offer a range of benefits that make them ideal pets. From their compact size to their often lower exercise needs, these breeds can fit seamlessly into various lifestyles.
Why Small Dog Breeds Are Popular:
- Space Efficiency: Small dogs are perfect for apartment living and smaller homes. They don’t need large yards to run around and can adapt well to confined spaces.
- Manageability: Their size makes them easier to handle, which is great for those who may not have the strength or mobility to manage larger dogs.
- Lower Exercise Requirements: Many small breeds have lower exercise needs compared to larger breeds, which can be ideal for people with a busy lifestyle or those who prefer shorter walks.
In this guide, we’ll delve into the best small dog breeds, exploring their unique characteristics, care requirements, and what makes each breed special. By the end, you’ll have a thorough understanding of which small dog might be the best fit for you.
What Makes a Dog Breed Considered “Small”?
Understanding what qualifies a dog breed as “small” is crucial for those considering adopting a tiny companion. Let’s break down the criteria and characteristics that define small dog breeds.
Definition of Small Dog Breeds
Small dog breeds are generally categorized based on their size. While definitions can vary slightly, most experts agree on the following criteria:
- Weight: Small dog breeds typically weigh between 4 to 25 pounds (1.8 to 11.3 kg). This range encompasses breeds that are lightweight and easy to carry or manage.
- Height: Small breeds usually stand about 6 to 18 inches (15 to 46 cm) tall at the shoulder. Their petite stature is part of what makes them suitable for apartment living and easy to handle.
Comparison with Medium and Large Breeds:
| Breed Size | Weight Range | Height Range |
| Small | 4 – 25 pounds (1.8 – 11.3 kg) | 6 – 18 inches (15 – 46 cm) |
| Medium | 25 – 60 pounds (11.3 – 27 kg) | 18 – 25 inches (46 – 63 cm) |
| Large | 60 – 120 pounds (27 – 54 kg) | 25 – 30 inches (63 – 76 cm) |
Characteristics of Small Dog Breeds
Small dog breeds share several common traits, although individual breeds may vary:
- Behavior and Temperament:
- Affectionate: Many small dogs are known for their strong bond with their owners. They often enjoy being close to their humans and may seek constant companionship.
- Alert: Small breeds tend to be more alert and may have a strong instinct to bark or alert their owners to any perceived threats.
- Health Considerations:
- Longevity: Generally, small dogs live longer than larger breeds, often reaching 12-16 years or more.
- Health Issues: Small breeds can be prone to specific health problems such as dental issues, patellar luxation (knee dislocation), and certain genetic conditions. Regular vet check-ups and a healthy diet are essential.
Examples of Common Small Dog Traits:
- Playfulness: Small dogs are often energetic and enjoy playtime, making them great for active individuals or families.
- Trainability: Many small breeds are intelligent and trainable, though some may exhibit a stubborn streak.
Top 10 Best Small Dog Breeds
1. Chihuahua
Overview: The Chihuahua is one of the most well-known small dog breeds, recognized for its tiny size and bold personality. Originating from Mexico, Chihuahuas are often considered the perfect lap dog due to their manageable size and affectionate nature.
Size and Appearance:
- Weight: Typically ranges from 2 to 6 pounds (0.9 to 2.7 kg).
- Height: Stands about 6 to 9 inches (15 to 23 cm) tall at the shoulder.
- Coat: Chihuahuas come in both smooth and long-haired varieties. The smooth coat requires less grooming, while the long-haired variety needs regular brushing to prevent tangles.
Personality:
- Bold and Confident: Despite their size, Chihuahuas are known for their confident attitude and can be quite assertive.
- Loyal Companions: They form strong bonds with their owners and are often very loyal and affectionate.
Care Needs:
- Exercise: They have moderate exercise needs, requiring short walks and playtime.
- Training: Chihuahuas are intelligent but can be stubborn, so positive reinforcement training is recommended.
Health Considerations:
- Dental Health: Small breeds like Chihuahuas are prone to dental issues, so regular dental care is important.
- Patellar Luxation: They are at risk for knee dislocation, which may require veterinary attention.
Ideal Living Conditions:
- Apartment Living: Chihuahuas are well-suited for apartment living due to their small size and low exercise requirements.
- Temperature Sensitivity: They can be sensitive to cold, so they may need a sweater in colder weather.
2. Pomeranian
Overview: The Pomeranian is a small breed with a big personality, known for its fluffy double coat and lively demeanor. Originally from the Pomerania region in Europe, this breed is a favorite among those who love a spirited and playful dog.
Size and Appearance:
- Weight: Ranges from 3 to 7 pounds (1.4 to 3.2 kg).
- Height: Stands about 7 to 12 inches (18 to 30 cm) tall.
- Coat: Their double coat is long and dense, requiring regular grooming to keep it tangle-free and healthy.
Personality:
- Energetic: Pomeranians are very active and enjoy playtime and interactive games.
- Affectionate: They love being the center of attention and are very loyal to their owners.
Care Needs:
- Grooming: Their thick coat requires daily brushing to avoid mats and tangles. Regular professional grooming is also recommended.
- Exercise: Pomeranians need moderate exercise, including daily walks and play sessions.
Health Considerations:
- Dental Issues: Their small mouths can lead to dental problems, so regular brushing is important.
- Tracheal Collapse: Pomeranians can be prone to tracheal collapse, which may require veterinary care.
Ideal Living Conditions:
- Apartment Living: Pomeranians are well-suited for apartment living due to their small size and adaptability.
- Temperature Control: They do well in moderate climates but should be protected from extreme temperatures.
3. French Bulldog
Overview: The French Bulldog is known for its distinctive bat-like ears and muscular build. This breed is a popular companion dog due to its friendly and adaptable nature.
Size and Appearance:
- Weight: Typically ranges from 16 to 28 pounds (7.3 to 12.7 kg).
- Height: Stands about 11 to 12 inches (28 to 31 cm) tall.
- Coat: French Bulldogs have a short, smooth coat that requires minimal grooming.
Personality:
- Friendly and Easygoing: French Bulldogs are known for their affectionate and easygoing nature. They get along well with children and other pets.
- Playful: They enjoy playtime and are generally quite lively, though they don’t need excessive exercise.
Care Needs:
- Exercise: They need moderate exercise, including short walks and playtime.
- Grooming: Their short coat is low-maintenance, requiring only occasional brushing.
Health Considerations:
- Brachycephalic Syndrome: Their flat face can lead to breathing problems, especially in hot or humid weather.
- Hip Dysplasia: French Bulldogs are prone to hip dysplasia, which may require veterinary management.
Ideal Living Conditions:
- Indoor Living: French Bulldogs prefer living indoors where they can stay cool and comfortable. They adapt well to apartment living.
- Temperature Sensitivity: Due to their brachycephalic nature, they should be protected from extreme temperatures.
4. Shih Tzu
Overview: The Shih Tzu, with its long, flowing coat and charming personality, is a breed that was historically favored by Chinese royalty. They are known for their affectionate nature and make excellent companions.
Size and Appearance:
- Weight: Ranges from 9 to 16 pounds (4.1 to 7.3 kg).
- Height: Stands about 8 to 11 inches (20 to 28 cm) tall.
- Coat: The Shih Tzu’s long coat requires regular grooming to keep it clean and tangle-free. Many owners opt for professional grooming.
Personality:
- Affectionate and Friendly: Shih Tzus are known for their loving and friendly nature. They are great with children and other pets.
- Playful: They enjoy interactive play and short walks, but they are generally less active than some other small breeds.
Care Needs:
- Grooming: Regular brushing is essential to prevent matting. Professional grooming is recommended to maintain their coat.
- Exercise: Shih Tzus need moderate exercise, including daily walks and playtime.
Health Considerations:
- Eye Problems: Their prominent eyes can be prone to issues such as dryness and irritation.
- Brachycephalic Issues: Like French Bulldogs, Shih Tzus can suffer from respiratory issues due to their short faces.
Ideal Living Conditions:
- Apartment Living: Shih Tzus are well-suited to apartment living and thrive in a comfortable, indoor environment.
5. Pug
Overview: The Pug is a small breed with a distinctive wrinkled face and playful demeanor. Originating from China, Pugs are known for their charming personality and adaptable nature.
Size and Appearance:
- Weight: Typically ranges from 14 to 18 pounds (6.3 to 8.2 kg).
- Height: Stands about 10 to 14 inches (25 to 36 cm) tall.
- Coat: Their short, smooth coat is low-maintenance but may shed occasionally.
Personality:
- Playful and Sociable: Pugs are known for their playful and sociable nature. They get along well with children and other pets.
- Affectionate: They are very affectionate and enjoy being close to their family members.
Care Needs:
- Exercise: Pugs need moderate exercise, including daily walks and interactive play.
- Grooming: Their short coat requires minimal grooming, but they may need regular ear cleaning.
Health Considerations:
- Respiratory Issues: Pugs can suffer from breathing difficulties due to their brachycephalic face.
- Eye Problems: Their prominent eyes can be prone to dryness and injury.
Ideal Living Conditions:
- Adaptable: Pugs are adaptable to various living environments, including apartments and houses.
6. Maltese
Overview: The Maltese is a small breed known for its elegant white coat and gentle demeanor. They have been a favored companion dog for centuries and continue to be a popular choice for pet owners.
Size and Appearance:
- Weight: Ranges from 4 to 7 pounds (1.8 to 3.2 kg).
- Height: Stands about 7 to 9 inches (18 to 23 cm) tall.
- Coat: Their long, silky coat requires daily brushing to prevent tangles and mats. Many owners also opt for regular professional grooming.
Personality:
- Gentle and Loving: Maltese dogs are known for their gentle and loving nature. They are great companions and enjoy being around their family.
- Playful: They are playful and enjoy interactive games and short walks.
Care Needs:
- Grooming: Regular brushing and professional grooming are necessary to maintain their coat.
- Exercise: Maltese dogs require light exercise, including daily playtime and short walks.
Health Considerations:
- Dental Problems: Their small mouths can lead to dental issues, so regular dental care is important.
- Tear Staining: Maltese dogs may experience tear staining, which requires regular cleaning.
Ideal Living Conditions:
- Apartment Living: Maltese are well-suited for apartment living due to their small size and adaptability.
7. Yorkshire Terrier
Overview: The Yorkshire Terrier, or Yorkie, is a small breed with a luxurious coat and a spirited personality. Originally from England, Yorkies are known for their energetic and affectionate nature.
Size and Appearance:
- Weight: Typically ranges from 4 to 7 pounds (1.8 to 3.2 kg).
- Height: Stands about 7 to 8 inches (18 to 20 cm) tall.
- Coat: Yorkies have a long, silky coat that requires regular grooming to prevent matting.
Personality:
- Energetic and Alert: Yorkies are lively and alert, making them excellent watchdogs and playful companions.
- Affectionate: They are very affectionate and enjoy being close to their family members.
Care Needs:
- Grooming: Regular brushing and professional grooming are necessary to maintain their coat.
- Exercise: Yorkies need regular exercise, including daily walks and interactive play.
Health Considerations:
- Dental Issues: Regular dental care is important as Yorkies are prone to dental problems.
- Hypoglycemia: They are at risk for low blood sugar, especially in puppies, so proper feeding and care are essential.
Ideal Living Conditions:
- Apartment Living: Yorkies adapt well to apartment living and enjoy being part of the family.
8. Dachshund
Overview: The Dachshund, known for its distinctive long body and short legs, is a small breed with a playful and curious personality. Originating from Germany, Dachshunds are often referred to as “wiener dogs” due to their unique shape.
Size and Appearance:
- Weight: Ranges from 11 to 32 pounds (5 to 14.5 kg), with smaller varieties weighing around 11 to 16 pounds (5 to 7.3 kg).
- Height: Stands about 8 to 9 inches (20 to 23 cm) tall.
- Coat: Dachshunds come in three coat types: smooth, long, and wire-haired. Each coat type requires different grooming levels.
Personality:
- Energetic and Curious: Dachshunds are known for their energetic and curious nature. They enjoy exploring and playing.
- Loyal: They are very loyal to their family and can be protective.
Care Needs:
- Exercise: They need regular exercise, including daily walks and playtime.
- Grooming: Coat care depends on the type of coat. Smooth coats require minimal grooming, while long and wire-haired coats need regular brushing.
Health Considerations:
- Back Issues: Due to their long bodies, Dachshunds are prone to intervertebral disc disease, which affects the spine.
- Obesity: Care should be taken to prevent obesity, as excess weight can exacerbate back problems.
Ideal Living Conditions:
- Flexible: Dachshunds adapt well to both apartments and houses with yards.
9. Boston Terrier
Overview: The Boston Terrier, often referred to as the “American Gentleman,” is a small breed known for its tuxedo-like markings and friendly disposition. Originating in the United States, Boston Terriers are popular for their charming appearance and sociable nature.
Size and Appearance:
- Weight: Typically ranges from 12 to 25 pounds (5.4 to 11.3 kg).
- Height: Stands about 15 to 17 inches (38 to 43 cm) tall.
- Coat: They have a short, smooth coat that is easy to care for and sheds minimally.
Personality:
- Friendly and Sociable: Boston Terriers are known for their friendly and sociable nature. They get along well with children and other pets.
- Playful: They are energetic and enjoy playtime, though they don’t require excessive exercise.
Care Needs:
- Exercise: They need moderate exercise, including daily walks and play sessions.
- Grooming: Their short coat requires minimal grooming, but regular ear cleaning is advised.
Health Considerations:
- Respiratory Issues: As a brachycephalic breed, Boston Terriers can experience breathing difficulties.
- Eye Problems: Their prominent eyes are prone to issues such as dryness and injury.
Ideal Living Conditions:
- Adaptable: Boston Terriers are adaptable to various living environments, including apartments and houses.
10. Havanese
Overview: The Havanese is a small breed with a silky coat and a cheerful personality. Originating from Cuba, Havanese dogs are known for their friendly and outgoing nature, making them excellent companions.
Size and Appearance:
- Weight: Ranges from 7 to 13 pounds (3.2 to 5.9 kg).
- Height: Stands about 8.5 to 11.5 inches (22 to 29 cm) tall.
- Coat: Their long, silky coat requires regular grooming to prevent mats and tangles.
Personality:
- Cheerful and Playful: Havanese dogs are known for their cheerful and playful nature. They enjoy being part of the family and interacting with children and other pets.
- Affectionate: They are very affectionate and enjoy spending time with their owners.
Care Needs:
- Grooming: Regular brushing and professional grooming are necessary to maintain their coat.
- Exercise: Havanese dogs enjoy moderate exercise, including daily playtime and short walks.
Health Considerations:
- Dental Health: Regular dental care is important as Havanese dogs can be prone to dental issues.
- Ear Infections: Their long ears may be prone to infections, so regular ear cleaning is necessary.
Ideal Living Conditions:
- Apartment Living: Havanese are well-suited for apartment living and thrive in a family environment where they receive plenty of attention.
How to Choose the Right Small Dog Breed for You
Choosing the right small dog breed involves considering various factors to ensure a good fit between your lifestyle and the dog’s needs. Here’s a detailed guide to help you make an informed decision:
Assessing Your Lifestyle
1. Activity Level
- High Activity: If you lead an active lifestyle and enjoy outdoor activities, consider breeds like the Pomeranian or Yorkshire Terrier, which are energetic and enjoy playtime.
- Low Activity: If you prefer a more relaxed lifestyle or live in a smaller space, breeds like the French Bulldog or Shih Tzu are well-suited due to their lower exercise needs.
2. Living Space
- Apartment Living: Breeds like the Chihuahua, French Bulldog, and Havanese are ideal for apartment living due to their small size and adaptability to indoor environments.
- House with Yard: If you have a larger living space with a yard, breeds like the Dachshund and Boston Terrier can benefit from more space to play and explore.
3. Time for Grooming
- Low Grooming: For those who prefer minimal grooming, breeds like the French Bulldog and Boston Terrier have short, low-maintenance coats.
- High Grooming: If you’re willing to invest time in grooming, breeds like the Maltese and Shih Tzu have long coats that require regular brushing and professional grooming.
Considering Health Needs
1. Common Health Issues
- Brachycephalic Breeds: Breeds like the French Bulldog, Pug, and Shih Tzu, with their flat faces, may have respiratory issues and need careful monitoring in extreme temperatures.
- Dental Care: Small breeds like the Chihuahua and Maltese are prone to dental issues and require regular dental check-ups and cleanings.
2. Exercise Requirements
- High Energy: Breeds like the Pomeranian and Yorkshire Terrier need regular exercise and playtime to stay healthy and happy.
- Moderate Energy: Breeds like the Shih Tzu and Boston Terrier have moderate exercise needs and are happy with daily walks and play.
Matching Temperament to Your Needs
1. Family Compatibility
- Good with Children: Breeds like the Shih Tzu, Havanese, and Boston Terrier are known for their gentle and affectionate nature, making them great companions for families with children.
- Good with Other Pets: If you have other pets, breeds like the Maltese and Havanese generally get along well with other animals.
2. Training and Socialization
- Easier to Train: Breeds like the Yorkshire Terrier and Pomeranian are generally responsive to training but can be a bit stubborn.
- Socialization Needs: Some breeds, like the Chihuahua, may need more socialization to ensure they are comfortable around other people and animals.
Financial Considerations
1. Initial Costs
- Adoption Fees: Costs can vary depending on the breed and where you adopt from. For example, adopting from a shelter may be less expensive than purchasing from a breeder.
- Purchase Price: Purebred dogs from breeders can have varying costs, with some small breeds like the Maltese and Yorkshire Terrier being more expensive.
2. Ongoing Expenses
- Healthcare: Regular veterinary care, including vaccinations, dental check-ups, and potential breed-specific health issues, should be factored into your budget.
- Grooming Costs: Breeds requiring regular grooming may have higher maintenance costs, so consider whether you will groom the dog yourself or hire a professional.
Lifestyle Compatibility Checklist
To help you make a decision, consider the following checklist:
- Activity Level: Does the breed’s energy level match your activity level?
- Living Space: Is your living environment suitable for the breed’s size and exercise needs?
- Grooming Needs: Are you prepared for the grooming requirements of the breed?
- Health Considerations: Are you aware of and prepared for potential breed-specific health issues?
- Family Dynamics: Will the breed fit well with your family, including children and other pets?
- Financial Readiness: Are you ready for the initial and ongoing costs of owning the breed?
Training and Socializing Your Small Dog
Training and socialization are crucial for ensuring that your small dog grows into a well-behaved, confident, and happy companion. Here’s a comprehensive guide on how to train and socialize your small dog effectively.
Basic Training Tips
1. Start Early
- Puppy Training: Begin training your small dog as early as possible. Puppies are more adaptable and responsive to training, making it easier to instill good habits from a young age.
- Consistency: Establish a consistent routine and use the same commands to avoid confusing your dog. Consistency helps reinforce learning.
2. Use Positive Reinforcement
- Reward System: Use treats, praise, and playtime as rewards for good behavior. Positive reinforcement encourages your dog to repeat the desired behavior.
- Avoid Punishment: Focus on rewarding good behavior rather than punishing mistakes. Negative reinforcement can create fear and hinder learning.
3. Short Training Sessions
- Keep Sessions Brief: Small dogs have shorter attention spans, so keep training sessions short and engaging—about 5 to 10 minutes each.
- Frequent Practice: Regular practice is key to reinforcing commands and behaviors. Aim for several short training sessions throughout the day.
4. Basic Commands
- Sit: A fundamental command that can help manage your dog’s behavior. Use a treat to guide your dog into a sitting position and reward them immediately.
- Stay: Teach your dog to stay in one place until released. Start with short durations and gradually increase the time.
- Come: This command is essential for recall and safety. Use treats and praise to encourage your dog to come to you when called.
Socializing Your Small Dog
1. Early Socialization
- Exposure to Different Environments: Introduce your puppy to various environments, including parks, busy streets, and different types of people. This helps them become comfortable with new experiences.
- Meeting Other Dogs: Arrange playdates with other dogs to help your puppy learn appropriate social behavior and develop positive associations with other dogs.
2. Positive Experiences
- Gradual Exposure: Gradually expose your dog to new situations, people, and animals. Start with less intimidating scenarios and slowly progress to more challenging environments.
- Reward Good Behavior: Reward your dog for calm and friendly behavior during socialization experiences. This reinforces positive interactions and helps build confidence.
3. Managing Fear and Anxiety
- Comfort and Reassurance: If your dog shows signs of fear or anxiety, provide comfort and reassurance. Avoid forcing them into uncomfortable situations, as this can increase their anxiety.
- Professional Help: If your dog shows persistent fear or aggression, consider seeking help from a professional dog trainer or behaviorist.
4. Socialization for Older Dogs
- Patience Required: Older dogs can also benefit from socialization, but it may require more patience and gradual exposure. Use positive reinforcement to encourage positive behavior in new situations.
Advanced Training Techniques
1. Clicker Training
- Precision Training: Clicker training involves using a clicker to mark the exact moment your dog performs the desired behavior. It can be a highly effective method for precise training.
- Training Steps: Introduce the clicker to your dog by associating the sound with a treat. Use the clicker to mark and reward desired behaviors during training sessions.
2. Trick Training
- Fun and Engagement: Teaching your dog tricks can be a fun way to bond and provide mental stimulation. Start with simple tricks like “shake hands” or “roll over” and gradually progress to more complex tricks.
- Positive Reinforcement: Use treats and praise to reward your dog for learning and performing tricks. Keep training sessions short and enjoyable.
Dealing with Behavioral Issues
1. Barking
- Identify Triggers: Determine what causes your dog to bark excessively, whether it’s boredom, fear, or attention-seeking behavior.
- Redirect Attention: Provide distractions or engage your dog in a different activity to redirect their focus away from the barking trigger.
2. Separation Anxiety
- Gradual Absences: Gradually accustom your dog to being alone by increasing the time you spend apart in small increments.
- Provide Comfort: Use toys, comfort items, or puzzle feeders to keep your dog occupied and provide reassurance during your absence.
3. Leash Training
- Loose Leash Walking: Teach your dog to walk politely on a leash by rewarding them for walking beside you without pulling.
- Consistency: Consistent training and positive reinforcement will help your dog learn to walk calmly on a leash.